Genetics in Oncology Practice: Cancer Risk Assessment

Buy Book

Chapter 1. Why Should Oncology Nurses Be Interested in Genetics? 1
The Impact of Advancements in Genetics on the Oncology Nurse's Role 2
Genetic Health Care and Oncology Nursing 4
How Is Genetic Information Different? 5
How Will Genetic Information Be Incorporated Into General Health Care? 6
What Role Will Nurses Play in Meeting the Genetic Healthcare Needs of the Future? 7
Are You Using Genetic Information Yet? 8
Quiz: How Frequently Do You Use or Provide Genetics Information? 8
Chapter 2. The Scope of Cancer Genetics Nursing Practice 13
Dimensions of Cancer Genetics Nursing Practice 14
Role of the Nurse in Integrating Genetics Into Oncology Practice 15
Scope of Practice 16
Opportunities for Collaboration 21
Incorporation of Cancer Genetics in Various Practice Settings 21
Chapter 3. The Biology of Cancer 23
Introduction 23
DNA and Chromosomes: Structure and Function 24
Gene Expression 27
Causes of Mutations 29
Types of Mutations Associated With Cancer 29
Gene Transmission in Cancers 32
Genes Implicated in Cancers 32
Types of Genetic Alterations in Cancer Cells 47
The Cell Cycle 50
Apoptosis 52
Tumorigenesis 52
Chapter 4. How to Perform a Genetic Assessment 57
What Is a Genetic Assessment for Cancer? 57
What Is the Purpose of a Genetic Assessment? 58
What Are the Specific Components of a Genetic Assessment? 58
The Assessment Process 67
Confidentiality and Genetic-Risk Assessment Records 70
Common Problems of Genetic Evaluation 70
Models to Facilitate Risk Assessment 71
A Sample Assessment 71
Chapter 5. Cancer-Risk Assessment: Considerations for Cancer Genetics 77
Introduction 77
Terms Commonly Used in Risk Assessment 78
General Limitations of Risk Assessment 83
Major Types of Risk 85
Prediction Models and Criteria 90
The Importance of Knowledge to Risk Assessment 101
Communication of Risk Assessment 102
Techniques for Communicating Cancer-Risk Assessments 105
Tools for Communicating Risk 110
The Impact of the Client's Beliefs 113
The Challenge of Uncertainty 118
Navigating Statistics 120
Promoting Screening and Prevention 120
The Media's Role in Risk Information 121
The Long-Term Impact of Risk Communication 123
Risk-Assessment Documentation 124
Annual Assessment Updates 128
The Implications of Screening Tests 128
Nursing Implications of Risk Assessment 129
The Need for Future Research 130
Chapter 6. The Impact of Genetic Information in the Management of Cancer 139
Introduction 139
Risk Management and Cancer Prevention 140
Diagnosis and Prognosis 156
Treatment 163
Chapter 7. How to Provide Genetic Counseling and Education 189
Genetic Counseling 189
Counseling Issues Related to Genetic Information 190
Cancer-Predisposition Testing: Who Might Benefit? 197
Types of Test Results 200
Implications of Test Results 201
Interpreting Test Results 205
What to Do After Testing 205
Cancer Surveillance and Risk Reduction 206
The Three-Component Counseling Model 207
Tips for Information Delivery 210
Ethical and Legal Issues 212
Documents Usually Found in a Cancer Genetics Medical Record 219
Chapter 8. Establishing a Cancer Genetics Clinic 225
Introduction 225
Program Needs Assessment 226
Types of Cancer Genetics Programs 227
Clinical Program Components 230
Operational Issues 233
Client Recruitment 237
Client Resources 237
Professional Resources 238
Chapter 9. Handling Genetic Information Responsibly 243
Introduction 243
Ethical Considerations of Genetic Information 244
Recognition of Personal Biases and How Values Affect Others' Decisions 248
Facilitating Autonomous Decision Making 250
Principles of Beneficence and Nonmaleficence 251
Recognition of Ethnocultural Differences 252
Privacy and Confidentiality 253
Client Advocacy 255
Emerging Ethical Issues for Oncology Nurses 256
Maintaining a Current Knowledge Base in Genetic Developments 257
Chapter 10. How to Identify Appropriate Referrals and Current Resources 263
Introduction 263
Resources for Networking and Genetics Information 263
Sources of Patient Referrals 270
Resources for Continuing Education 272
Resources for Information Regarding Genetics and Health Policy 273
Genetics Legislation 275
Research Opportunities 276
Chapter 11. Ensuring Competence: Nursing Credentialing in Cancer Genetics 279
Introduction 279
The Significance of Credentialing to Clinical Practice 280
Measures of Competence 282
The Availability of Credentialing for Oncology Nurses in Genetics 284
Chapter 12. Recommendations for Education 287
Introduction 287
Recommendations Regarding the Education of the General Oncology Nurse in Practice 289
Recommendations Regarding the Education of an Advanced Practice Oncology Nurse in Practice 294
Recommendations Regarding the Education of an Advanced Practice Oncology Nurse With a Subspecialty in Genetics 301
Conclusion 311
Suggested Readings 312
Glossary 315
Index 321
Advertisement