| Foreword |
xiii |
| Preface |
xvii |
| Acknowledgments |
xxi |
| SECTION I. FOUNDATIONS AND PRIORITIES OF ONCOLOGY NURSING SCIENCE |
1 |
| Chapter 1. Oncology Nursing Science Priorities |
3 |
| Introduction |
3 |
| Establishing Oncology Nursing Science Priorities |
3 |
| Use of Oncology Nursing Science Priorities Data |
15 |
| Conclusion |
20 |
| References |
21 |
| Chapter 2. Excellence in Oncology Science: Distinguished Nurse Scientists |
23 |
| Introduction |
23 |
| The Recipients |
23 |
| Influence on Nursing Science |
24 |
| Conclusion |
33 |
| References |
33 |
| SECTION II. ADVANCING ONCOLOGY NURSING SCIENCE |
37 |
| Chapter 3. Cancer Prevention and Early Detection Nursing Science: 1990–Present |
39 |
| Introduction |
39 |
| Search Strategy and General Considerations |
40 |
| Areas of Nursing Research Centering on Cancer Prevention and Early Detection |
43 |
| Conclusion |
52 |
| References |
56 |
| Chapter 4. Advances in Symptoms, Symptom Clusters, and Quality of Life by Oncology Nurse Scientists |
65 |
| Introduction |
65 |
| Symptoms |
65 |
| Symptom Clusters |
68 |
| Quality of Life |
70 |
| Conclusion |
72 |
| References |
72 |
| Chapter 5. Nursing Science in Palliative Care and End-of-Life Care |
75 |
| Introduction |
75 |
| State of the Science in Palliative Care and End-of-Life Care |
77 |
| Research in Palliative Care and End-of-Life Care |
80 |
| How Well Is Research in Palliative and End-of-Life Care Represented in Oncology Nursing? |
82 |
| Caring for a Dying Family Member at Home and the Effect on the Family |
83 |
| A Greater Understanding of Death and Dying |
84 |
| Racial Differences in the Way Individuals Approach the End of Life |
85 |
| Psychosocial and Existential Distress at the End of Life |
86 |
| Quality Improvement in Palliative Care |
87 |
| Conclusion |
89 |
| References |
89 |
| SECTION III. LEADING CAUSES OF CANCER |
93 |
| Chapter 6. Focus on Breast Cancer |
95 |
| Introduction |
95 |
| A Historic Review |
95 |
| Oncology Nursing Contributions to Advancing Nursing Science |
96 |
| Multicultural Influences on Breast Cancer |
102 |
| Summary |
103 |
| Conclusion |
106 |
| References |
106 |
| Chapter 7. Focus on Lung Cancer |
117 |
| Introduction |
117 |
| Current State of the Science |
119 |
| Oncologic Emergencies |
123 |
| End-of-Life Care |
124 |
| Research Tools in Lung Cancer |
125 |
| Emerging Issues in Science |
125 |
| Future Directions |
129 |
| Challenges and Opportunities |
130 |
| Conclusion |
131 |
| References |
133 |
| Chapter 8. Focus on Prostate Cancer |
143 |
| Introduction |
143 |
| Evolution of Nurse Scientists’ Role in Prostate Cancer Research |
143 |
| Contributions of Oncology Nurse Scientists to Prostate Cancer Research |
144 |
| Oncology Nursing Research Across the Prostate Cancer Care Continuum |
148 |
| Conclusion |
152 |
| References |
153 |
| Chapter 9. Focus on Colorectal Cancer |
159 |
| Introduction |
159 |
| Colorectal Cancer Risk Factors |
160 |
| Effectiveness of Screening |
160 |
| Screening Participation |
161 |
| Screening Guidelines: Test Recommendations Based on Risk Assessment |
162 |
| Factors Related to Participation in Colorectal Cancer Screening |
163 |
| Systematic Reviews of Colorectal Cancer Screening Interventions |
168 |
| Randomized Trials of Effective Screening Interventions |
169 |
| Conclusion |
178 |
| Directions for Future Research |
179 |
| References |
180 |
| SECTION IV. CURRENT AND EMERGING ISSUES IN ONCOLOGY RESEARCH |
187 |
| Chapter 10. Nursing Research: Cancer-Related Disparities |
189 |
| Introduction |
189 |
| Nurse Scientists Pioneer Cancer Disparities Research |
195 |
| Examining Past Efforts Before Forging Ahead |
196 |
| Exploration of Culture, Cancer, and Nursing Care |
228 |
| Conclusion |
229 |
| References |
231 |
| Chapter 11. Development and Maintenance of Interdisciplinary Research Teams |
237 |
| Introduction |
237 |
| Interdisciplinary Research: What It Is and Why It Is Needed |
237 |
| Development and Maintenance of Interdisciplinary Research Teams |
240 |
| Nurse Scientists as Team Leaders and Team Members |
245 |
| Conclusion |
246 |
| References |
246 |
| Chapter 12. Conducting Oncology Evidence-Based Intervention Research |
249 |
| Introduction |
249 |
| Intervention Studies on Patients With Cancer Who Are Newly Diagnosed or in Treatment |
250 |
| Interventions to Manage Uncertainty During Cancer Treatment |
252 |
| Admission Criteria for Studies of Managing Uncertainty During Treatment |
253 |
| Study Designs for Studies of Patients in Treatment |
253 |
| Specific Interventions |
258 |
| Regulating the Emotional Response |
260 |
| Outcomes |
261 |
| Intervention Studies: Decision Making for Prostate Cancer |
263 |
| After Treatment: Managing Uncertainty in Younger and Older Breast Cancer Survivors |
266 |
| Conclusion |
268 |
| References |
268 |
| Chapter 13. The Role of National Cancer Institute–Funded Cooperative Groups |
271 |
| The Clinical Trials Cooperative Group Program |
271 |
| Nursing Roles Within Cooperative Groups |
277 |
| Writing a Cooperative Group Study |
280 |
| Conclusion |
290 |
| References |
290 |
| SECTION V. RESEARCH TRAINING AND EDUCATION |
293 |
| Chapter 14. Role of Professional Organizations and Nonprofit Organizations in Advancing Oncology Nursing Research |
295 |
| Introduction |
295 |
| Oncology Nursing Society and ONS Foundation Background |
296 |
| Increasing the Knowledge Base for Oncology Nursing Practice |
297 |
| Preparing Future Oncology Nurse Scientists |
305 |
| Preparing Clinical Nurses as Critical Consumers of Research Findings |
308 |
| Oncology Nursing Science Contributions to Cancer Research Funding Organizations and Selected Government Agencies |
310 |
| Conclusion |
311 |
| References |
311 |
| Chapter 15. Accelerating the Research Translation Continuum to Improve Oncology Patient Outcomes |
315 |
| Introduction |
315 |
| The Translational Research Continuum |
317 |
| Translational Research in Cancer Symptom Management: Fatigue as an Exemplar |
323 |
| Selected Knowledge Transfer Strategies |
328 |
| Accelerating Progress Across the Research Translation Continuum: Future Directions |
337 |
| Conclusion |
340 |
| References |
340 |
| Chapter 16. New Approaches to Conducting Oncology Nursing Research Using Technology |
351 |
| Introduction |
351 |
| Tailoring Interventions Using Computer Technology |
352 |
| Computer-Assisted Telephone Interviews and Interactive Voice Recognition Calls |
355 |
| Handheld Devices |
357 |
| Computer Adaptive Testing |
363 |
| Web-Based Surveys and Interventions |
364 |
| Conclusion |
365 |
| References |
366 |
| Chapter 17. Advancing Oncology Nursing Science: Focus on Nursing-Sensitive Patient Outcomes |
371 |
| Introduction |
371 |
| Historical Perspectives |
371 |
| Nursing-Sensitive Patient Outcomes |
374 |
| The Need for Good Measures of Patient Outcomes and Nursing Care |
377 |
| Does Nursing Care Improve Patient Outcomes? |
384 |
| Future Directions and Recommendations |
388 |
| Conclusion |
390 |
| References |
390 |
| Chapter 18. Qualitative Oncology Nursing Science |
393 |
| Introduction |
393 |
| The Intellectual Background of Qualitative Science |
394 |
| Conducting a Qualitative Study |
397 |
| The Future of Qualitative Science in Oncology Nursing |
405 |
| Conclusion |
406 |
| References |
406 |
| Chapter 19. Advancing Family-Focused Oncology Nursing Research |
409 |
| Introduction |
409 |
| Historical Development of Family-Focused Oncology Nursing Research |
409 |
| Cancer as a Family Experience |
414 |
| Core Processes of Families’ Adjustment to Cancer in a Parent |
421 |
| Future Directions Needed for Research |
421 |
| Conclusion |
427 |
| References |
429 |
| SECTION VI. SELECTED RESOURCES FOR ADVANCING ONCOLOGY NURSING SCIENCE |
435 |
| Chapter 20. Introduction to Scholarly Writing |
437 |
| Introduction |
437 |
| Keeping a Notebook |
438 |
| Selecting a Topic |
438 |
| Making an Outline |
439 |
| Writing the First Draft |
440 |
| The Beginning |
441 |
| The Middle |
441 |
| Involvement in Writing |
441 |
| Rewriting, Revising, and Editing |
442 |
| Revision for Clarity and Coherence |
443 |
| Organization |
445 |
| Ask for Help in Revising |
446 |
| Editing: The Fine Points of Writing |
446 |
| Read Aloud and Continue to Revise |
447 |
| Conclusion |
448 |
| Bibliography |
448 |
| Chapter 21. Launching an Oncology Nursing Research Career |
449 |
| Introduction |
449 |
| Considering a Research Career |
450 |
| Selecting and Obtaining Admission to a Doctoral Program |
453 |
| Progressing Through the Program |
457 |
| Deciding What to Do After Completing the Program |
464 |
| Conclusion |
467 |
| References |
468 |
| Chapter 22. Obtaining Support for a Career in Oncology Nursing Research |
471 |
| Introduction |
471 |
| Research Career Trajectory |
472 |
| Encouraging Diversity Among Scientific Investigators |
474 |
| Mentoring and Publication: Ingredients for Success |
475 |
| Obtaining Support From the National Institutes of Health |
476 |
| Other Resources at the National Institutes of Health |
482 |
| Grant Review at the National Institutes of Health |
483 |
| Review Criteria |
485 |
| Other Federal Resources |
487 |
| Nongovernmental Resources |
489 |
| Resources for Grant Writing |
491 |
| Conclusion |
491 |
| References |
492 |
| Epilogue: Looking Into the Future |
495 |
| Pediatric Oncology Research |
495 |
| Behavioral Oncology Research |
496 |
| Genetic Research |
496 |
| Cancer Survivorship |
496 |
| The Next Generation of Oncology Nurse Scientists |
496 |
| Reference |
497 |
| Appendix: Oncology Nursing Science Resources |
499 |
| Index |
503 |