| Contributors |
v |
| Preface |
xi |
| Chapter 1. Cancer Prevention, Screening, and Early Detection |
1 |
| Introduction |
1 |
| Role of the Advanced Practice Nurse |
2 |
| Cancer Risk Assessment |
2 |
| Primary Prevention and Risk Reduction |
3 |
| Secondary Prevention and Screening |
13 |
| Case Study |
28 |
| Implications for Oncology Advanced Practice Nurses |
28 |
| Conclusion |
28 |
| Key Points |
29 |
| Recommended Resources for Oncology Advanced Practice Nurses |
30 |
| References |
31 |
| Chapter 2. Genetic Risk |
37 |
| Introduction |
37 |
| Definitions |
38 |
| The Genetic Basis of Cancer |
41 |
| Common Cancer Genetic Predisposition Syndromes |
43 |
| Indications for Genetic Assessment |
46 |
| Standards for Genetic Testing |
47 |
| Provision of Genetics Cancer Education and Counseling |
49 |
| Genetic Testing Process |
53 |
| Prevention and Screening Strategies for Those With Hereditary Risk |
58 |
| Implications for Oncology Advanced Practice Nurses |
64 |
| Conclusion |
67 |
| Case Study |
67 |
| Key Points |
70 |
| Recommended Resources for Oncology Advanced Practice Nurses |
71 |
| References |
71 |
| Chapter 3. Cancer Diagnosis and Staging |
77 |
| Introduction |
77 |
| Signs and Symptoms of Cancer |
78 |
| History and Physical Examination of Patients With Cancer |
78 |
| Diagnostic Evaluation |
81 |
| Diagnostic Procedures |
93 |
| Biopsy and Histopathology |
96 |
| Cancer Biomarkers |
99 |
| Overview of Staging |
104 |
| Work-Up of Common Solid Tumors |
105 |
| Implications for Oncology Advanced Practice Nurses |
134 |
| Conclusion |
134 |
| Case Study |
135 |
| Key Points |
136 |
| Recommended Resources for Oncology Advanced Practice Nurses |
137 |
| References |
137 |
| Chapter 4. Chemotherapy and Biotherapy |
149 |
| Introduction |
149 |
| Chemotherapy |
150 |
| Biologic Agents |
160 |
| Resources |
176 |
| Patient and Family Education |
177 |
| Implications for Oncology Advanced Practice Nurses |
178 |
| Conclusion |
178 |
| Case Study |
178 |
| Key Points |
181 |
| Recommended Resources for Patient Teaching |
181 |
| Recommended Resources for Oncology Advanced Practice Nurses |
182 |
| References |
182 |
| Chapter 5. Surgery |
187 |
| Introduction |
187 |
| Surgical Oncologic Strategies |
188 |
| Prevention and Early Detection |
188 |
| Diagnosis |
191 |
| Pathology and Staging |
194 |
| Resection—Preoperative Phase |
196 |
| Resection—Perioperative Phase |
203 |
| Postoperative Care |
211 |
| Access Devices |
215 |
| Rehabilitation |
215 |
| Wounds |
216 |
| Reconstruction |
219 |
| Surveillance |
220 |
| Palliation |
220 |
| Conclusion |
221 |
| Case Study |
221 |
| Key Points |
223 |
| Recommended Resources for Oncology Advanced Practice Nurses |
224 |
| References |
224 |
| Chapter 6. Radiation Therapy in Cancer Care |
229 |
| Introduction |
229 |
| Indications |
229 |
| Standards |
249 |
| Patient and Family Education |
250 |
| Implications for Oncology Advanced Practice Nurses |
252 |
| Conclusion |
253 |
| Case Study |
254 |
| Key Points |
256 |
| Recommended Resources for Oncology Advanced Practice Nurses |
256 |
| References |
256 |
| Chapter 7. Blood and Marrow Stem Cell Transplantation |
261 |
| Introduction |
261 |
| Conditions Treated |
261 |
| Types of Transplantation |
263 |
| Sources of Stem Cells |
264 |
| Process of Blood and Marrow Stem Cell Transplantation |
266 |
| Quality-of-Life Issues |
276 |
| Complications of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation |
277 |
| Standards of Care |
295 |
| Implications for Oncology Advanced Practice Nurses |
295 |
| Case Study |
296 |
| Conclusion |
296 |
| Key Points |
297 |
| Recommended Resources for Oncology Advanced Practice Nurses |
298 |
| References |
299 |
| Chapter 8. Complementary and Integrative Therapies |
305 |
| Introduction |
305 |
| Complementary and Integrative Therapy Use in the United States |
307 |
| Complementary and Integrative Therapies Research |
308 |
| Complementary and Integrative Therapies Standards |
309 |
| White House Commission on Complementary and Alternative Medicine |
309 |
| Federation of State Medical Boards |
310 |
| Complementary and Integrative Therapies Indications |
311 |
| Complementary and Alternative Medicine Modalities in Cancer Prevention |
311 |
| Complementary and Alternative Medicine Modalities in Symptom Management |
312 |
| Complementary and Alternative Medicine Modalities in Cancer Treatment |
315 |
| Complementary and Integrative Therapies Clinical Decision Making |
315 |
| Certification for Nurses |
316 |
| Third-Party and Medicare Coverage |
316 |
| Core Competencies |
316 |
| Curriculum Development |
317 |
| Conducting an Integrative Assessment and Advising Patients |
318 |
| Herbal Products and Cytotoxic Agents |
318 |
| Patient Disclosure and Motivation for Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use |
319 |
| Implications for Oncology Advanced Practice Nurses |
319 |
| Conclusion |
319 |
| Case Study |
320 |
| Recommended Resources for Oncology Advanced Practice Nurses |
323 |
| References |
324 |
| Chapter 9. Clinical Research |
329 |
| Introduction |
329 |
| Historical Development of Clinical Research |
330 |
| Phases of Clinical Research |
331 |
| Clinical Research Review |
337 |
| Components of Clinical Research |
338 |
| Informed Consent |
338 |
| Recruiting Clinical Trial Participants |
340 |
| Interpreting Clinical Trials |
342 |
| Clinical Trials Resources |
344 |
| Measuring Quality of Life in Clinical Trials |
347 |
| Oncology Nursing Research |
348 |
| Funding Sources |
348 |
| Conclusion |
349 |
| Case Study |
351 |
| Key Points |
353 |
| Recommended Resources for Oncology Advanced Practice Nurses |
353 |
| References |
354 |
| Chapter 10. Pain, Fatigue, and Cognitive Dysfunction |
357 |
| Introduction |
357 |
| Cancer Pain |
357 |
| Fatigue |
376 |
| Chemotherapy-Related Cognitive Dysfunction |
384 |
| Implications for Oncology Advanced Practice Nurses |
393 |
| Case Study |
394 |
| Conclusion |
394 |
| Key Points |
396 |
| Recommended Resources for Oncology Advanced Practice Nurses |
396 |
| References |
397 |
| Chapter 11. Myelosuppression |
405 |
| Introduction |
405 |
| Etiology of Bone Marrow Suppression |
405 |
| Cancer-Induced Bone Marrow Suppression |
406 |
| Chemotherapy-Induced Bone Marrow Suppression |
406 |
| Radiation-Induced Bone Marrow Suppression |
408 |
| Pathophysiology of Hematopoiesis |
408 |
| Assessment |
409 |
| Leukopenia |
412 |
| Thrombocytopenia |
419 |
| Anemia |
425 |
| Secondary Malignancies |
431 |
| Case Study |
434 |
| Key Points |
436 |
| Recommended Resources for Oncology Advanced Practice Nurses |
437 |
| References |
437 |
| Chapter 12. Cardiac, Gastrointestinal, Neurologic, and Ocular Toxicities |
443 |
| Introduction |
443 |
| Cardiac Toxicities |
443 |
| Gastrointestinal Toxicities |
455 |
| Neurotoxicities |
462 |
| Ocular Toxicities |
473 |
| Case Study |
480 |
| Conclusion |
480 |
| Key Points |
482 |
| Recommended Resources for Oncology Advanced Practice Nurses |
483 |
| References |
484 |
| Chapter 13. Genitourinary, Hepatic, and Pulmonary Toxicities |
495 |
| Introduction |
495 |
| Genitourinary Toxicity |
495 |
| Reproductive Dysfunction: Infertility |
507 |
| Toxicity of the Bladder: Cystitis |
514 |
| Hepatotoxicity |
517 |
| Pulmonary Toxicity Related to Cancer Therapy |
530 |
| Conclusion |
536 |
| Case Study |
536 |
| Key Points |
538 |
| Recommended Resources for Oncology Advanced Practice Nurses |
539 |
| References |
539 |
| Chapter 14. Metabolic Emergencies |
547 |
| Introduction |
547 |
| Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation |
547 |
| Sepsis |
558 |
| Tumor Lysis Syndrome |
568 |
| Hypercalcemia of Malignancy |
574 |
| Syndrome of Inappropriate Secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone |
581 |
| Anaphylaxis |
586 |
| Evaluation of Outcomes |
590 |
| Conclusion |
591 |
| Case Study |
591 |
| Key Points |
592 |
| Recommended Resources for Oncology Advanced Practice Nurses |
594 |
| References |
594 |
| Chapter 15. Structural Oncologic Emergencies |
599 |
| Introduction |
599 |
| Superior Vena Cava Syndrome |
599 |
| Cardiac Tamponade |
607 |
| Spinal Cord Compression |
613 |
| Increased Intracranial Pressure |
621 |
| Conclusion |
627 |
| Case Study |
627 |
| Key Points |
630 |
| Study Guide—Glossary of Terms |
630 |
| Recommended Resources for Oncology Advanced Practice Nurses |
631 |
| References |
631 |
| Chapter 16. Psychosocial Management |
637 |
| Introduction |
637 |
| Definitions |
637 |
| Sexuality and Altered Body Image |
644 |
| Personal Control |
646 |
| Spiritual Distress |
647 |
| Indications |
649 |
| Supportive Cancer Care for Psychosocial Disturbance |
661 |
| Standards of Practice |
665 |
| Implications for Oncology Advanced Practice Nurses |
666 |
| Conclusion |
667 |
| Case Study |
667 |
| Key Points |
670 |
| Recommended Resources for Advanced Practice Nurses |
670 |
| References |
671 |
| Chapter 17. Cancer Survivorship |
677 |
| Introduction |
677 |
| Cancer Survivors in the United States |
677 |
| Historical Development of a Cancer Survivorship Focus |
678 |
| Quality of Life and Survivorship |
683 |
| Physical Effects of Treatment |
684 |
| Psychosocial Effects |
686 |
| Cancer Survivors and Employment |
688 |
| Health Insurance Challenges |
688 |
| Components of Cancer Follow-Up Care |
690 |
| Summary of Cancer Treatment and Plan for Follow-Up Care |
691 |
| Models of Care |
693 |
| Standards of Care |
694 |
| Implications for Oncology Advanced Practice Nurses |
694 |
| Professional Education |
697 |
| Research |
697 |
| Patient and Caregiver Education |
698 |
| Complementary and Alternative Therapies for Cancer Survivors |
699 |
| Conclusion |
700 |
| Case Study |
700 |
| Key Points |
702 |
| Recommended Resources for Oncology Advanced Practice Nurses |
703 |
| References |
704 |
| Chapter 18. Palliative Care and End-of-Life Care |
707 |
| Introduction |
707 |
| Evolution of Palliative Care |
707 |
| The Cancer/Dying Connection |
708 |
| Definitions and Characteristics of Palliative Care |
709 |
| Indications for Palliative Care |
711 |
| Implications for Oncology Advanced Practice Nurses |
721 |
| Future Directions |
722 |
| Conclusion |
724 |
| Case Study |
725 |
| Key Points |
727 |
| Recommended Resources for Oncology Advanced Practice Nurses |
728 |
| References |
728 |
| Chapter 19. Roles of the Oncology Advanced Practice Nurse |
737 |
| Introduction |
737 |
| Background |
737 |
| Challenges in Advanced Practice Nurse Role Implementation |
758 |
| Advanced Practice Nurse Skills That Contribute to Improved Outcomes |
760 |
| Conclusion |
772 |
| Case Study |
773 |
| Key Points |
775 |
| Recommended Resources for Oncology Advanced Practice Nurses |
775 |
| References |
776 |
| Chapter 20. Professional Practice of Advanced Practice Nurses |
783 |
| Introduction |
783 |
| Advanced Practice Nursing |
783 |
| Regulation of Practice |
783 |
| Standards |
785 |
| Reimbursement |
786 |
| Nurse Practitioner Versus Clinical Nurse Specialist Role in Advanced Practice |
788 |
| Professional Responsibilities |
789 |
| Research |
793 |
| Ethics |
794 |
| Ethical Issues |
795 |
| Ethical Controversies |
798 |
| Ethical Decision Making |
799 |
| Conclusion |
801 |
| Case Study |
801 |
| Key Points |
802 |
| Recommended Resources for Oncology Advanced Practice Nurses |
803 |
| References |
803 |
| Chapter 21. Test Questions |
807 |
| References |
842 |