| List of Abbreviations |
ix |
|
Introduction
|
1
|
|
Scope of Practice
|
3
|
|
Evidence-Based Practice
|
5
|
|
I. Definition and implications
|
5
|
| A. Definition |
5 |
| B. Implications for practice |
5 |
| C. Advantages of evidence-based practice |
5 |
|
II. The process of evidence-based practice
|
6
|
|
III. Evidence-based guideline implementation
|
8
|
|
Radiation Oncology Nursing Practice and Education
|
11 |
|
I. The clinical practicum
|
11 |
| A. Course description |
11 |
| B. Course objectives |
12 |
| C. Clinical activities |
13 |
| D. Evaluation |
13 |
|
II. The practice of radiation oncology
|
17
|
| A. Principles of radiation therapys |
17 |
| B. Radiobiology |
19 |
| C. Dose prescription, treatment planning, and simulation |
22 |
| D. Purpose of radiation therapy |
24 |
| E. Tissue tolerance dose |
24 |
| F. Factors related to radiation-induced injury of normal tissue |
24 |
| G. Considerations for radiation therapy |
25 |
| H. Radioresponsiveness of normal tissue |
25 |
| I. Side effects |
26 |
|
III. Radiatiprotection and safety
|
29
|
| A. Importance of knowing specific information |
29 |
| B. Purpose of radiation protection regulations |
29 |
| C. Sources of radiation exposure |
29 |
| D. Major organizations involved in radiation protection guidelines and standards |
31 |
| E. Major agencies in the United States and Canada that have regulatory authority |
32 |
| F. Radionuclide factors that determine the type and amount of radiation protection practices |
34 |
| G. Principles of radiation protection |
36 |
| H. Radiation monitoring devices |
37 |
| I. Recognition of radiation-restricted areas |
39 |
| J. Special radiation protection considerations and issues |
39 |
| K. Nursing education in radiation protection |
42 |
| L. Related Web sites |
45 |
|
IV. General symptom management
|
45 |
| A. General patient and family education |
45 |
| B. Fatigue |
53 |
| C. Skin reactions |
62 |
| D. Pain |
66 |
| E. Distress/coping |
68 |
| F. Sexual dysfunction |
75 |
| G. Nutritional issues |
80 |
|
V. Site-specific management
|
95
|
| A. Brain and central nervous system |
95 |
| B. Head and neck |
122 |
| C. Breast |
145 |
| D. Thoracic |
162 |
| E. Gastrointestinal/abdomen |
174 |
| F. Bladder |
185 |
| G. Male pelvis/prostate |
197 |
| H. Female pelvis |
209 |
| I. Bone metastases |
219 |
|
VI. Disease-specific management
|
227
|
| A. Sarcomas |
227 |
| B. Lymphoma |
232 |
| C. Benign conditions |
238 |
|
VII. Oncologic emergencies
|
247
|
|
VIII. Modality-specific management
|
257
|
| A. External beam (teletherapy) |
257 |
| B. Low dose rate and high dose rate brachytherapy |
262 |
| C. Intraoperative radiation therapy |
271 |
| D. Stereotactic radiosurgery |
274 |
| E. Hyperthermia |
281 |
| F. Total body irradiation and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation |
283 |
| G. Total lymphoid irradiation |
295 |
| H. Total skin irradiation |
298 |
| I. Photodynamic therapy |
299 |
| J. Proton beam radiation therapy |
305 |
|
IX. Special populations
|
311
|
| A. Pediatric radiation oncology |
311 |
| B. Geriatric radiation oncology |
321 |
| C. Radiation therapy for people with special needs |
329 |
|
X. Chemical modifiers of cancer treatment
|
349
|
| A. Radioprotectors |
349 |
| B. Radiosensitizers and concurrent chemotherapy and biotherapy |
354 |
| C. Radioimmunotherapy and radiopharmaceuticals |
360 |
|
XI. General radiation oncology issues
|
373
|
| A. Survivorship |
373 |
| B. Palliative care |
376 |
| C. Cancer clinical trials |
379 |
| D. Nursing management in radiation oncology |
385 |
|
XII. Accreditation and quality improvement
|
395
|
| A. The Joint Commission |
395 |
| B. American College of Radiology |
404 |
|
XIII. Radiation oncology resources
|
407 |
| A. Oncology Nursing Society |
407 |
| B. Additional online radiation resources |
408 |
| C. American Society for Radiation Oncology |
410 |
| D. National Comprehensive Cancer Network |
413 |
| E. National Cancer Institute |
413 |
| Index |
415 |