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ONS Profile |
Renal Cancer Clinical Resource Area - Diagnosis
Clinical Presentation- Hematuria: early symptom and gross hematuria occurs in 38% of renal cancer patients
- Flank pain
- Flank mass
- Polycythemia
- Paraneoplastic syndrome
- Anemia
- Fever
- Cachexia
- Elevated liver functions
- Hypercalcemia
- Neuromyopathy
- Sudden onset of varicocele
- Laboratory test
- Urinalysis
- Complete blood count
- Liver and Renal profile
- Chest xray
- CT scan of chest abdomen and pelvis
- MRI of brain if brain metastasis suspected
- Bone scan
Pathological Testing
Biopsy should be limited to those for whom a tissue diagnosis is needed but are not a surgical candidate. Renal cancers are very vascular and at risk of bleeding and the tumor could possibly be seeded along the needle track. Last the biopsy may not yield cancerous cells eventhough it is a cancerous lesion.
Pathology
Renal Carcinomas
- Clear cell (75%)
- Papillary type 1 and 2 (15%)
- Chromophobe
- Oncocytoma (benign lesion)
- Collecting duct
Sarcomas
Transitional Cell Carcinomas (nephroureterectomy and follow adjuvant treatment for transitional cell carcinoma of bladder) Lymphomas