| Contributors.............................................................................................................................. |
v |
| |
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| Preface ..................................................................................................................................... |
ix |
| |
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| Chapter 1. Overview of Gastrointestinal Cancers............................................................... |
1 |
| Introduction................................................................................................................................. |
1 |
| Incidence and Demographics...................................................................................................... |
1 |
| Risk Factors................................................................................................................................ |
4 |
| Health Literacy............................................................................................................................ |
6 |
| Summary..................................................................................................................................... |
6 |
| References................................................................................................................................. |
6 |
| |
|
| Chapter 2. Anatomy and Physiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract..................................... |
11 |
| Introduction.................................................................................................................................. |
11 |
| Esophagus................................................................................................................................... |
11 |
| Stomach....................................................................................................................................... |
12 |
| Small Intestine ............................................................................................................................. |
14 |
| Large Intestine............................................................................................................................. |
15 |
| Summary...................................................................................................................................... |
16 |
| References.................................................................................................................................. |
17 |
| |
|
| Chapter 3. Biology, Prevention, and Screening.................................................................. |
19 |
| Introduction.................................................................................................................................. |
19 |
| Biology......................................................................................................................................... |
19 |
| Genetics in Colorectal Carcinomas.............................................................................................. |
20 |
| Screening.................................................................................................................................... |
23 |
| Chemoprevention........................................................................................................................ |
25 |
| Summary..................................................................................................................................... |
27 |
| References................................................................................................................................. |
27 |
| |
|
| Chapter 4. Esophageal and Gastric Cancers........................................................................ |
31 |
| Introduction................................................................................................................................. |
31 |
| Diagnosis/Differntial Diagnosis.................................................................................................... |
32 |
| Treatment ................................................................................................................................... |
34 |
| Summary..................................................................................................................................... |
41 |
| References.................................................................................................................................. |
41 |
| |
|
| Chapter 5. Colorectal and Anal Cancers............................................................................... |
43 |
| Introduction................................................................................................................................. |
43 |
| Characteristics............................................................................................................................ |
43 |
| Diagnosis and Staging................................................................................................................ |
44 |
| Surgical Management ................................................................................................................. |
46 |
| Chemotherapeutic Management ................................................................................................. |
48 |
| Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors................................................................................................. |
54 |
| Summary...................................................................................................................................... |
56 |
| References.................................................................................................................................. |
56 |
| |
|
| Chapter 6. Nursing Care of Patients With Gastrointestinal Cancers................................. |
59 |
| Introduction.................................................................................................................................. |
59 |
| Assessment................................................................................................................................. |
59 |
| Presenting Signs and Symptoms................................................................................................. |
59 |
| Diagnostic Tests.......................................................................................................................... |
60 |
| Surgical Nursing Care.................................................................................................................. |
63 |
| Communication............................................................................................................................ |
70 |
| Quality of Life.............................................................................................................................. |
71 |
| Summary .................................................................................................................................... |
72 |
| References.................................................................................................................................. |
72 |
| |
|
| Chapter 7. Symptom Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers......................................... |
75 |
| Introduction.................................................................................................................................. |
75 |
| Nutrition ...................................................................................................................................... |
75 |
| Elimination................................................................................................................................... |
78 |
| Mucous Membranes..................................................................................................................... |
81 |
| Skin.............................................................................................................................................. |
83 |
| Psychosocial Care....................................................................................................................... |
85 |
| Palliative Care.............................................................................................................................. |
85 |
| Summary...................................................................................................................................... |
87 |
| References.................................................................................................................................. |
87 |
| |
|
| Chapter 8. Evidence-Based Practice: Where We Are Now.................................................. |
89 |
| Evidence-Based Practice Defined................................................................................................ |
89 |
| Nursing Research Literature in Gastointestinal Cancers............................................................. |
90 |
| Screening Behaviors................................................................................................................... |
91 |
| Psychosocial Concerns............................................................................................................... |
92 |
| Directions for the Future.............................................................................................................. |
93 |
| Summary..................................................................................................................................... |
94 |
| References................................................................................................................................. |
94 |
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