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Site-Specific Cancer Series: Gastrointestinal Cancer

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Contents

Contributors.............................................................................................................................. v
   
Preface ..................................................................................................................................... ix
   
Chapter 1. Overview of Gastrointestinal Cancers............................................................... 1
Introduction................................................................................................................................. 1
Incidence and Demographics...................................................................................................... 1
Risk Factors................................................................................................................................ 4
Health Literacy............................................................................................................................ 6
Summary..................................................................................................................................... 6
References................................................................................................................................. 6
   
Chapter 2. Anatomy and Physiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract..................................... 11
Introduction.................................................................................................................................. 11
Esophagus................................................................................................................................... 11
Stomach....................................................................................................................................... 12
Small Intestine ............................................................................................................................. 14
Large Intestine............................................................................................................................. 15
Summary...................................................................................................................................... 16
References.................................................................................................................................. 17
   
Chapter 3. Biology, Prevention, and Screening.................................................................. 19
Introduction.................................................................................................................................. 19
Biology......................................................................................................................................... 19
Genetics in Colorectal Carcinomas.............................................................................................. 20
Screening.................................................................................................................................... 23
Chemoprevention........................................................................................................................ 25
Summary..................................................................................................................................... 27
References................................................................................................................................. 27
   
Chapter 4. Esophageal and Gastric Cancers........................................................................ 31
Introduction................................................................................................................................. 31
Diagnosis/Differntial Diagnosis.................................................................................................... 32
Treatment ................................................................................................................................... 34
Summary..................................................................................................................................... 41
References.................................................................................................................................. 41
   
Chapter 5. Colorectal and Anal Cancers............................................................................... 43
Introduction................................................................................................................................. 43
Characteristics............................................................................................................................ 43
Diagnosis and Staging................................................................................................................ 44
Surgical Management ................................................................................................................. 46
Chemotherapeutic Management ................................................................................................. 48
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors................................................................................................. 54
Summary...................................................................................................................................... 56
References.................................................................................................................................. 56
   
Chapter 6. Nursing Care of Patients With Gastrointestinal Cancers................................. 59
Introduction.................................................................................................................................. 59
Assessment................................................................................................................................. 59
Presenting Signs and Symptoms................................................................................................. 59
Diagnostic Tests.......................................................................................................................... 60
Surgical Nursing Care.................................................................................................................. 63
Communication............................................................................................................................ 70
Quality of Life.............................................................................................................................. 71
Summary .................................................................................................................................... 72
References.................................................................................................................................. 72
   
Chapter 7. Symptom Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers......................................... 75
Introduction.................................................................................................................................. 75
Nutrition ...................................................................................................................................... 75
Elimination................................................................................................................................... 78
Mucous Membranes..................................................................................................................... 81
Skin.............................................................................................................................................. 83
Psychosocial Care....................................................................................................................... 85
Palliative Care.............................................................................................................................. 85
Summary...................................................................................................................................... 87
References.................................................................................................................................. 87
   
Chapter 8. Evidence-Based Practice: Where We Are Now.................................................. 89
Evidence-Based Practice Defined................................................................................................ 89
Nursing Research Literature in Gastointestinal Cancers............................................................. 90
Screening Behaviors................................................................................................................... 91
Psychosocial Concerns............................................................................................................... 92
Directions for the Future.............................................................................................................. 93
Summary..................................................................................................................................... 94
References................................................................................................................................. 94