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Untitled Document
ONS Profile

Site-Specific Cancer Series: Lung Cancer

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Contents

Preface.................................................................................................................... vii
   
Chapter 1. Overview.............................................................................................. 1
Introduction............................................................................................................... 1
Lung Cancer Overview.............................................................................................. 1
Histologic Classification............................................................................................. 2
Staging of Lung Cancer............................................................................................ 3
Prognostic Factors.................................................................................................... 3
Histogenesis.............................................................................................................. 4
   
Chapter 2. Biology of Lung Cancer and Therapeutic Implications.................. 7
Introduction............................................................................................................... 7
Lung Cancer Carcinogenesis.................................................................................... 7
Normal Cellular Behavior........................................................................................... 7
Chromosomal Abnormalities in Lung Cancer ........................................................... 8
Tumor Suppressor Genes and Growth Suppression................................................. 12
Metastases and Angiogenesis.................................................................................. 13
Tumor Markers.......................................................................................................... 14
Future Directions...................................................................................................... 14
   
Chapter 3. Lung Cancer Control ......................................................................... 17
Introduction............................................................................................................... 17
Risk Factors in Lung Cancer...................................................................................................................... 17
Primary and Secondary Prevention................................................................................................................. 21
Chemoprevention (Tertiary Prevention)............................................................................................................... 21
The Challenge of Tobacco Control .......................................................................... 22
Tobacco Dependence Treatment ............................................................................ 24
Screening and Early Detection.................................................................................. 26
Future Challenges.................................................................................................... 29
   
Chapter 4. Patient Assessment ........................................................................... 35
Introduction............................................................................................................... 35
Clinical Presentation................................................................................................. 35
Diagnostic Tests....................................................................................................... 38
   
Chapter 5. Oncologic Urgencies and Emergencies.......................................... 45
Introduction............................................................................................................... 45
Superior Vena Cava Syndrome................................................................................. 45
Pericardial Effusion and Cardiac Tamponade........................................................... 47
Pleural Effusion......................................................................................................... 49
Malignant Spinal Cord Compression......................................................................... 51
   
Chapter 6. Paraneoplastic Syndromes................................................................ 57
Introduction............................................................................................................... 57
Endocrine Paraneoplastic Syndromes...................................................................... 57
Humoral Hypercalcemia of Malignancy...................................................................... 57
Ectopic Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Syndrome...................................................... 60
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone ..................................................... 60
Neurologic Paraneoplastic Syndromes ..................................................................... 62
Hematologic Paraneoplastic Syndromes................................................................... 64
Musculoskeletal Paraneoplastic Syndromes............................................................. 68
Conclusions.............................................................................................................. 70
   
Chapter 7. Small Cell Lung Cancer...................................................................... 73
Introduction............................................................................................................... 73
Characteristics.......................................................................................................... 73
Cell Type................................................................................................................... 74
Staging...................................................................................................................... 75
Treatment................................................................................................................. 76
Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation ................................................................................ 78
Role of Surgery in Limited-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer........................................ 79
Recurrent Disease.................................................................................................... 79
Older Patients........................................................................................................... 80
Future Directions...................................................................................................... 80
Outcomes.................................................................................................................. 80
   
Chapter 8. Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.............................................................. 83
Introduction............................................................................................................... 83
Presentation and Paraneoplastic Syndromes........................................................... 83
Histologic Subtypes................................................................................................... 84
Staging...................................................................................................................... 85
Treatment.................................................................................................................. 86
Outcomes.................................................................................................................. 98
   
Chapter 9. Symptom Management of Lung Cancer........................................... 103
Introduction............................................................................................................... 103
Cough....................................................................................................................... 103
Hemoptysis................................................................................................................ 104
Dyspnea.................................................................................................................... 106
Fatigue...................................................................................................................... 111
Pain........................................................................................................................... 115
Specific Treatment-Related Side Effects: Radiation.................................................. 118
   
Appendix 1. Lung Cancer Resources................................................................... 125
   
Index.......................................................................................................................... 135