References
Barlogie, B., van Rhee, F., Shaughnessy, J. D., Jr., Epstein, J., Yaccoby, S., Pineda-Roman, M., … Zeldis, J. B. (2008). Seven-year median time to progression with thalidomide for smoldering myeloma. Blood, 112, 3122-3125. doi: 10.1182/blood-2008-06-164228
Blade, J., Dimopoulos, M., Rosinol, L., Rajkumar, S. V., & Kyle, R. A. (2010). Smoldering (asymptomatic) multiple myeloma: Current diagnostic criteria, new predictors of outcome, and follow-up recommendations. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 28, 690-697. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2009.22.2257
Dispenzieri, A., Kyle, R. A., Katzmann, J. A., Therneau, T. M., Larson, D., Benson, J., … Rajkumar, S. V. (2008). Immunoglobulin free light chain ratio is an independent risk factor for progression of smoldering (asymptomatic) multiple myeloma. Blood, 111, 785-789. doi: 10.1182/blood-2007-08-108357
Hjorth, M., Hellquist, L., Holmberg, E., Magnusson, B., Rödjer, S., & Westin, J. (1993). Initial versus deferred melphalan-prednisone therapy for asymptomatic multiple myeloma stage I—A randomized study. European Journal of Haematology, 50, 95-102.
International Myeloma Working Group. (2003). Criteria for the classification of monoclonal gammopathies, multiple myeloma and related disorders. British Journal of Haematology, 121, 749-757. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2003.04355.x
Kumar, S. K, Rajkumar, S. V., Dispenzieri, A., Lacy, M. Q., Hayman, S. R., Buadi, F. K., … Gertz, M. A. (2008). Improved survival in multiple myeloma and the impact of novel therapies. Blood, 111, 2516-2520. doi: 10.1182/blood-2007-10-116129
Kyle, R. A., & Rajkumar, S. V. (2004). Multiple myeloma. New England Journal of Medicine, 351, 1860-1873.
Kyle, R. A., Remstein, E. D., Therneau, T. M., Dispenzieri, A., Kurtin, P. J., Hodnefield, J. M., & Rajkumar, S. V. (2007). Clinical course and prognosis of smoldering (asymptomatic) multiple myeloma. New England Journal of Medicine, 356, 2582-2590. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa070389
Kyle, R. A., Therneau, T. M., Rajkumar, S. V., Offord, J. R., Larson, D. R., Plevak, M. F., & Melton, L. J., 3rd. (2002). A long-term study of prognosis in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. New England Journal of Medicine, 346, 564-569.
Landgren, O., Kyle, R. A., Pfeiffer, R. M., Katzmann, J. A., Caporaso, N. E., Hayes, R. B., & Rajkumar, S. V. (2009). Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) consistently precedes multiple myeloma: A prospective study. Blood, 113, 5412-5417. doi: 10.1182/blood-2008-12-194241
Laubach, J. P., Richardson, P. G., & Anderson, K. C. (2010). The evolution and impact of therapy in multiple myeloma. Medical Oncology, 27(Suppl.), S1-S6. doi: 10.1007/s12032-010-9442-2
Mateos, M. V., Lopez-Corral, L., Hernandez, M. T., de la Rubia, J., Lahuerta, J. J., Giraldo, P., … San-Miguel, J. F. (2009). Multicenter, randomized, open-label, phase III trial of lenalidomide-dexamethasone (len/dex) vs therapeutic abstention in smoldering multiple myeloma at high risk of progression to symptomatic MM. Retrieved from
http://ash.confex.com/ash/2009/webprogram/Paper21268.html
Musto, P., Petrucci, M. T., Bringhen, S., Guglielmelli, T., Caravita, T., Bongarzoni, V., … Palumbo, A. (2008). A multicenter, randomized clinical trial comparing zoledronic acid versus observation in patients with asymptomatic myeloma. Cancer, 113, 1588-1595. doi: 10.1002/cncr.23783
Perez-Persona, E., Vidriales, M. B., Mateo, G., García-Sanz, R., Mateos, M. V., de Coca, A. G., … San Miguel, J. F. (2007). New criteria to identify risk of progression in monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance and smoldering multiple myeloma based on multiparameter flow cytometry analysis of bone marrow plasma cells. Blood, 110, 2586-2592. doi: 10.1182/blood-2007-05-088443
Rajkumar, S. V., Kyle, R. A., Therneau, T. M., Melton, L. J., 3rd, Bradwell, A. R., Clark, R. J., … Katzmann, J. A. (2005). Serum free light chain ratio is an independent risk factor for progression in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Blood, 106, 812-817. doi: 10.1182/blood-2005-03-1038
Rajkumar, S. V., Lacy, M. Q., & Kyle, R. A. (2007). Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and smoldering multiple myeloma. Blood Reviews, 21, 255-265. doi: 10.1016/j.blre.2007.01.002
Turesson, I., Velez, R., Kristinsson, S. Y., & Landgren, O. (2009). Patterns of improved survival in patients with multiple myeloma in the twenty-first century: A population-based study. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 28, 830-834. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2009.25.4177
Waxman, A., Kuehl, M., Balakumaran, A., Weiss, B., & Landgren, O. (in press). Smoldering (asymptomatic) multiple myeloma: Revisiting the clinical dilemma and looking into the future. Clinical Lymphoma, Myeloma, and Leukemia.
Weiss, B. M., Abadie, J., Verma, P., Howard, R. S., & Kuehl, W. M. (2009). A monoclonal gammopathy precedes multiple myeloma in most patients. Blood, 113, 5418-5422. doi: 10.1182/blood-2008-12-195008