Davidson, J. R., Waisberg, J. L., Brundage, M. D., & MacLean, A. W. (2001). Nonpharmacologic group treatment of insomnia: a preliminary study with cancer survivors. Psycho-oncology, 10, 389–397.

Participants received multimodal cognitive-behavioral group therapy in six 1- to 1.5-hour sessions, given weekly x5 and then repeated in four weeks. Therapy included stimulus control therapy, relaxation training, sleep consolidation strategies, and strategies to reduce cognitive-emotional arousal.

• Fourteen patients, including 11 women, were included, and 12 completed the study.
• Mean age was 54.7 years. 
• Median time from diagnosis was 33.6 months.

Outpatient clinics at Major Cancer Center in Central Canada and the community serving the Cancer Center, Midwestern Canada

This was a repeated measure, single-group design with no control group.

• Fatigue subscale of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30)
• Sleep
• Anxiety
• Depression

Fatigue significantly decreased at week eight in comparison to baseline. Values of sleep, mood, and functioning improved from baseline, to four weeks, and to eight weeks after the intervention. Improved sleep measures included

• Number of awakenings
• Wake after sleep onset
• Sleep efficiency
• Sleep Impairment Index.

• The study had a small sample size.
• Participants were relatively healthy.
• Only self-reports were used.
• There was no placebo control group.
• The duration of the effects after eight weeks is unknown.
• Space to provide intervention.