Hunter, M.S., Coventry, S., Hamed, H., Fentiman, I., & Grunfeld, E. A. (2009). Evaluation of a group cognitive behavioural intervention for women suffering from menopausal symptoms following breast cancer treatment. Psycho-Oncology, 18, 560–563.

Primary aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of group cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on hot flashes and night sweats in women who have had breast cancer

Secondary aim: To evaluate the effect of group CBT on depressed mood, anxiety, sleep, and quality of life

The intervention consisted of six group sessions using a psychoeducational approach with education regarding hot flushes, relaxation, stress management, and sleep strategies.

The intervention was delivered by a psychologist plus a trainee/intern.

Relaxation and paced breathing were demonstrated and practiced in each session, and participants were given a CD for ongoing use.

• The sample was comprised of 17 women with breast cancer.
• Mean age of participants was 53.7 years, with a range of 46–65 years.
• Average time since diagnosis was 23.2 months; 82% had received chemotherapy and radiation therapy, and 71% were receiving adjuvant hormonal therapies.
• Mean duration of hot flashes was 2.1 years.
• Of the sample, 70% were employed and 53% had more than 16 years of education.

• Single site (two breast units)
• Other setting
• London, England, United Kingdom

• Transition phase after initial treatment
• Late effects and survivorship

A pre/post-test design was used.

• Hot Flush Frequency and Problem Rating Scale (HFRS): Three 10-point Likert-type scales
• Daily hot flush diaries completed during a two-week assessment and at the end of treatment
• Women’s Health Questionnaire (WHQ): 36 items to assess mood and sleep
• Short Form 36 (SF-36): 36 items to assess health-related quality of life
• Hot Flush Beliefs Scale (HFBS)

Depression and anxiety decreased from baseline to post-treatment (p < 0.006; p < 0.02). Reductions maintained at the three-month follow-up.

Results suggest that group CBT may be an effective option for women who have menopausal symptoms following breast cancer treatment.

• The sample was small.
• Only 59% of participants completed all six sessions.

Participants had a mean duration of hot flushes of more than two years, suggesting that symptoms may have been unrelated to their recent cancer treatment and more associated with menopause.