Midtgaard, J., Rorth, M., Stelter, R., Tveteras, A., Andersen, C., Quist, M., & Adamsen, L. (2005). The impact of a multidimensional exercise program on self-reported anxiety and depression in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: A phase II study. Palliative and Supportive Care, 3(3), 197–208.

DOI Link

Study Purpose

To determine the effectiveness of a specific structured exercise intervention on patients undergoing chemotherapy

Intervention Characteristics/Basic Study Process

Patients with cancer who were undergoing chemotherapy volunteered to participate in the six-week structured exercise program. The total time of all weekly sessions was nine hours per week. Fitness training, relaxation, body awareness training, and high- or low-intensity programs were offered, and safety measures were incorporated. Participants were assessed for depression and anxiety at baseline and after the six-week intervention.

Sample Characteristics

  • The sample was composed of 91 participants.
  • The participants were men and women receiving chemotherapy for various cancers. Of all participants, 70% were female.
  • Participants self-referred for participation, after seeing posters and pamphlets in clinics.

Setting

  • Multisite
  • Denmark and Sweden

Study Design

Prospective pre/post-test one-group design

Measurement Instruments/Methods

  • Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale, anxiety and depression subscales
  • Maximal oxygen consumption test (VO2 max test), to measure aerobic capacity

Results

  • Anxiety and depression scores decreased from baseline to six weeks. The decrease of depression scores was more moderate than the decrease of anxiety scores, but both were significant.
  • Most participants had low levels of depression and anxiety at baseline.
  • VO2 max scores significantly increased over time. Improvements in VO2 max scores were associated with improvements in depression but not anxiety.

Limitations

  • The study had a small sample size. The sample contained a disproportionate number of women. Patients self-referred to the study, and those patients may have been more motivated and psychologically intact than others.
  • The study had a risk of bias due to no control group.
  • Groups contained an unequal number of cancers and different cancer diagnoses.
  • Investigators did not collect information about psychopharmacologic drug use. Such drugs could have influenced results.
  • Levels of anxiety and depression were low at baseline.