Anxiolytics
Anxiolytics are anti-anxiety agents, or minor tranquilizers, used for the treatment of anxiety and its related physical and psychological symptoms. Various anti-anxiety medications have been evaluated for effects on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, dyspnea, pain, peripheral neuropathy, and hot flashes, as well as anxiety. In many cases, individual drugs, rather than the class of drugs, may be identified as a specific intervention for Putting Evidence Into Practice classification.
Antiviral Prophylaxis for Select at Risk Patients
Antiviral prophylaxis involved the administration of antiviral agents such as acyclcovir, gancylcovir, and valacyclovir to patients at risk for certain viral infections or reactivation of viral infection. A variety of antiviral agents have been studied. Antiviral prophylaxis has been evaluated in patients with cancer and those undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation for prevention of infection from viral agents.
Antimicrobial Coated CVC Catheters in Pediatric Patients
IV catheters that are coated or impregnated with agents such as chlorhexidine, rifampin, silver sulfadiazine, or other antimicrobial agents have been examined for effectiveness in preventing central line-associated infections. This approach has been used with nontunneled, short-term catheters in adults and children, and in the general and HCT patient populations. Findings differ between use in adults and children.
Antimicrobial Coated CVC Catheters in Adults
IV catheters that are coated or impregnated with agents such as chlorhexidine, rifampin, silver sulfadiazine, or other antimicrobial agents have been examined for effectiveness in preventing central line-associated infections. This approach has been used with nontunneled, short-term catheters in adults and children, and in the general and HCT patient populations. Findings differ between use in adults and children.
Antimicrobial Coated CVC Catheters
IV catheters that are coated or impregnated with agents such as chlorhexidine, rifampin, silver sulfadiazine, or other antimicrobial agents have been examined for effectiveness in preventing central line-associated infections. This approach has been used with nontunneled, short-term catheters in adults and children and in the general patient population and patients undergoing stem cell transplantation. Findings differ between use in adults and use in children.
Antimicrobial Catheter Lock Solutions
Solutions for central venous catheter lock use that contain antibiotics or other antimicrobial agents, such as ethanol, have been examined for their effects on the development of central line–associated infections in patients with cancer. A few different antibiotics, like vancomycin, and antiinfective agents, like edetic acid, have been studied.
Antihistamines
Antihistamines are drugs that reduce the action of histamines in the body by blocking histamine receptors. Some antihistamines also have anti-inflammatory effects. Antihistamines have been suggested as a second-line treatment for bone pain associated with colony-stimulating factor use in patients who do not benefit from the acetaminophen of NSAIDs.
Antifungal Prophylaxis in At-Risk Patients
Antifungal prophylaxis refers to the provision of antifungal agents prior to signs of infection to prevent the development of fungal infections. Primary and secondary prophylaxis with antifungal agents have been studied using a variety of antifungal agents. Some research examines potential differences with the use of mold-active agents. There is evidence regarding efficacy of antifungal prophylaxis for both adult and pediatric patients.
Antidepressants
A class of medications to treat depression; includes subgroups of
Antidepressants as Coanalgesic
Antidepressants are a class of medications used primarily to treat depression. Antidepressants include subgroups of tricyclic antidepressants such as desipramine, nortriptyline, amitriptyline, imipramine, doxepin, and clomipramine; SSRIs, including fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, sertraline, paroxetine, citalopram, and escitalopram; SNRIs such as venlafaxine (duloxetine is most common) and other (e.g., bupropion, trazodone, mertazapine, mianserin*).